In response to US President Donald Trump’s 50% tariff on Indian exports over Russian oil purchases, the PM Modi government has rolled out a major overhaul of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), effective September 22, just ahead of Navratri.
The reforms aim to strengthen domestic consumption, support households and small businesses, and insulate India’s economy from external shocks.
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman described the reforms as a ‘next-generation GST reform’, targeting structural efficiency, rate rationalisation, and simplified compliance.
The government has consolidated the previous four slabs into two main rates, 5% and 18%, with a 40% bracket for sin goods like tobacco and aerated drinks.
Key changes include:
- Life and health insurance premiums are fully exempt from GST,
- Small cars are taxed at 18% and SUVs at 40%,
- White goods such as fridges, TVs, and air conditioners reduced to 18%,
- Over 33 essential medicines, including cancer and rare disease drugs, moved to 0%,
- Everyday items like paneer, ghee, shampoos, and
- Hair oil shifted to 5% or nil-rated
HDFC Bank economist Sakshi Gupta said the reforms could add up to 30 basis points to India’s GDP, offsetting some effects of the US tariffs.
Revenue Secretary Arvind Srivastava confirmed that export-heavy sectors, including textiles and chemicals, will receive expedited refunds.
Rural India: The Strategic Firewall
Consumption already accounts for 61% of India’s GDP, with rural spending outpacing urban areas for six consecutive quarters. Strong agricultural incomes and a robust monsoon have further strengthened purchasing power.
FMCG companies like Dabur, Britannia, and Pidilite are expanding aggressively in towns under 12,000.
“The reforms will act as a powerful catalyst for demand, especially in rural and semi-urban markets,” said Dabur CEO Mohit Malhotra. Pidilite’s Joint MD Sudhanshu Vats noted rural India remains insulated from direct US tariff impacts.
While appearing domestic, the GST revamp also signals India’s economic independence.
External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar dismissed US criticisms, saying, “If you have a problem buying refined products from India, don’t buy them. Nobody is forcing you.”
Oil Minister Hardeep Singh Puri defended India’s Russian energy trade, highlighting its stabilising effect on global markets.
Analysts say the government is leveraging domestic consumption to offset export vulnerability, sustain investor confidence, and manage public sentiment ahead of the festive season.
By turning tax cuts into a consumer-driven stimulus, India has recast global trade tensions as a story of inclusive growth.
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