India is grappling with a growing health crisis as cancer rates continue to climb, with almost 14 lakh reported cases in 2020. According to Apollo Hospitals’ recent Health of the Nation 2024 report, this number is projected to increase to 15.7 lakhs by 2025. Over the past two decades, non-communicable diseases have surged, becoming the leading cause of death in the country. Among these, cancer has emerged as a particularly concerning issue, prompting fears that India could earn the dubious title of ‘cancer capital’ of the world.
Comparatively, cancer diagnoses in India occur at a younger age, with an average age of 52 for breast cancer, 54 for lung cancer, and 59 for colorectal cancer. This is significantly younger than the average diagnoses ages in countries like the US, UK, and China, which are typically in the 60s and 70s. The report identifies inadequate screening rates as a major obstacle in India’s fight against cancer, stressing the urgent need for proactive measures in preventive healthcare.
Cancer develops as normal cells transform into tumor cells through a multi-stage process, influenced by both genetic factors and external carcinogens. These include physical carcinogens like ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, chemical carcinogens found in tobacco smoke, alcohol, and certain foods, as well as biological carcinogens such as infections caused by viruses and bacteria.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends several preventive measures individuals can take to reduce their risk of cancer, including abstaining from tobacco and alcohol, getting vaccinated against HPV and hepatitis B, avoiding excessive sun exposure, and minimizing exposure to radiation and air pollution.
Aside from cancer, the Apollo report also highlights a concerning rise in mental health disorders, particularly among young adults aged 18 to 40. Depression, affecting one in five individuals aged 18 to 25, has become a significant issue. Chronic stress is also contributing to a rise in hypertension and diabetes, especially among women.
Furthermore, obesity has become rampant, with three out of four individuals either obese or overweight, particularly exceeding recommended waist-to-hip ratios. High blood pressure and prediabetes are also on the rise, especially among the younger population, with 66 percent classified as pre-hypertensive and one in three having prediabetes.
