In findings that have drawn international concern, two separate studies have reported a sharp and consistent increase in GI cancers among people under 50.
The first study, published in JAMA, highlights that while colorectal cancer remains the most common early-onset GI cancer, other forms such as pancreatic, gastric, and oesophageal cancers are also rising in prevalence.
Dr Kimmie Ng from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in the United States, who led both studies, remarked, “The rising incidence of early-onset GI cancers is alarming and underscores the need for enhanced prevention strategies and early detection methods.”
A second study, published in the British Journal of Surgery, revealed a 14.8 per cent increase in early-onset GI cancer cases between 2010 and 2019.
The research revealed a sharper rise in cases among even younger populations, despite the highest number occurring in individuals aged 40 to 49.
The study found that individuals born in 1990 face twice the risk of developing colon cancer and four times the risk of being diagnosed with rectal cancer compared to those born in 1950.
Lifestyle & Genetic Risk Factors
The research identified several modifiable lifestyle factors that may be contributing to the surge in cases. These include obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking, and excessive alcohol use.
Dr Ng and her team also emphasised the importance of genetic testing in early-onset GI cancer patients to identify familial risks and personalise treatment.
Dr Thejus Jayakrishnan from Dana-Farber added, “Screening adherence is critical. Each missed screening is a lost opportunity to detect cancer early when it is more treatable, or even to prevent cancer altogether by identifying and removing precancerous polyps.”
The findings have prompted renewed calls for earlier screening and greater awareness of gastrointestinal cancer risks among younger populations. Experts argue that the emerging data may require starting screening at a younger age, even though current guidelines often begin at 45 or 50.
With cancer rates rising among those once considered too young to be at risk, the medical community is urging individuals to pay attention to symptoms, follow healthy lifestyles, and consult healthcare professionals about appropriate screening options.
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