Women who go through early menopause may face a significantly higher risk of depression, a new study reveals.
Doctors refer to this condition as premature or primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), where the ovaries stop functioning normally before the age of 40 and directly contribute to emotional and psychological challenges.
The research, published in the journal Menopause, found that nearly 30 per cent of women with POI experienced depressive symptoms.
Experts suggest this could be due to a mix of hormonal shifts, the unexpected loss of fertility, and a lack of emotional support during this transitional phase.
While most women face menopause in their late 40s or early 50s, those with POI encounter an abrupt and often distressing hormonal change far earlier.
The resulting oestrogen deficiency can lead to typical menopause symptoms such as hot flushes and sleep disturbances, but for many, the emotional toll can be much deeper.
“The high prevalence of depressive symptoms in those with POI highlights the importance of routine screening in this vulnerable population,” said Dr Monica Christmas, associate medical director for The Menopause Society.
More Than Just Hormones
Interestingly, the study found no significant difference in depressive symptoms between women using hormone replacement therapy and those not using it.
This suggests that while hormone therapy can ease some physical symptoms of menopause, it may not be sufficient to address mood-related issues.
“Although hormone therapy is recognised as standard care for managing menopause-related symptoms, it is not a first-line treatment for mood disorders,” explained Dr Christmas. “Evidence-based mental health support should be a core part of any POI treatment plan.”
Researchers identified several key factors associated with higher depression risk: a younger age at diagnosis, greater severity of menopause symptoms, minimal emotional support, and grief related to infertility.
The study underscores the need for healthcare providers to take a more holistic approach, combining physical care with psychological and emotional support.
With 345 women participating in the study, the research adds to growing awareness that early menopause is not just a physical health issue but also a mental health concern.
Experts call for integrated care models that prioritise both hormone management and behavioural health support to improve the quality of life for women living with POI.
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