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Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), previously known as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is a common hormonal disorder that can affect anyone with ovaries, typically starting after puberty.
The main issue in PMOS is a hormonal imbalance, where the ovaries produce excess androgens (male hormones), leading to irregular periods, missed ovulation, and sometimes small cysts on the ovaries. You don’t need to have cysts to be diagnosed with PMOS.
PMOS often shows up as irregular or missed periods, extra hair growth on the face and body, acne, weight gain, dark patches of skin, thinning hair, and even infertility.
Some people might not notice symptoms until they struggle to get pregnant or see unexplained weight changes. While the exact cause is unknown, genetics, obesity, insulin resistance, and low-grade inflammation all play roles.
Diagnosing PMOS usually involves reviewing symptoms, a physical exam, blood tests, and sometimes an ultrasound.
Doctors generally look for at least two of these: irregular periods, high androgen levels (or related symptoms), or enlarged ovaries.
PMOS doesn’t have a permanent cure, but it can be managed.
Treatments include hormonal birth control, insulin-sensitising medications like metformin, and lifestyle changes such as healthy eating and regular exercise.
For those wishing to get pregnant, medications to induce ovulation or procedures like IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation) may help.
PMOS can also increase the risk of conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and sleep problems.
You can’t prevent PMOS entirely, but maintaining a healthy weight and lifestyle can reduce symptoms.
If you think you might have PMOS—especially if you have irregular periods or trouble conceiving—talk to your healthcare provider.
With support and treatment, most people can manage their symptoms and lead healthy lives.
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