Why does Russia want military aid from China?
China is considering sending weapons, ammunition and drones to Russia, according to information the Biden administration declassified at the end of February 2023.
China’s military aid would directly support Russia’s war in Ukraine. This public disclosure, emerging less than a month after the US navy shot down a Chinese balloon that allegedly was being used for spying purposes, further heightened existing tensions between the US and China. Only yesterday Qin Gang the new Chinese Foreign Minister warned US not to interfere in China’s affairs and One China reunification vision by supporting Taiwan
It also comes as Russia is facing mounting costs in its war on Ukraine – both financially and in human lives. These setbacks have pushed Russia to seek help where the government can find it. China has expressed willingness to support Russia and proposed a 12 point Ceasefire plan. China has not publicly announced a decision to give military aid to Russia but questioned the US for warning China against it while US itself has been arming Taiwan.
China’s decision about whether to get involved in the Ukraine war will be carefully calculated, factoring in potential benefits, risks and influence of Western powers.
Two considerations for China
As per the experts, China’s choice in supporting Russia or not chiefly comes down to two considerations: how the Ukraine conflict will affect China’s overall growth in world politics, and its interest in invading Taiwan.
The US spent over USD 75 billion on aid to Ukraine in 2022 and for China economic costs will be a factor. But despite the costs of war, China is considering supplying Russian military hardware for a few reasons.
After the Cold War, Russia and China grew closer
Economically, China’s interests in Russia include money, energy and trade opportunities. During the Cold War, the US successfully drove a wedge between the two countries. However, after the Cold War, Russia and China grew closer and became economically interconnected. The Ukraine conflict has made Russia more dependent on China.
Since Russia first launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, China has appeared to maintain a “pro-Russia” neutrality. That is, China is officially neutral and not contributing to the conflict, but its government officials are still echoing Russia’s war narrative and propaganda while ignoring what Ukraine is telling the world.
Would be a substantive departure from China’s official neutrality
China has criticized Western interference in the war. It has also proposed a peace plan for the conflict – which does not actually call for Russia to withdraw its troops from Ukraine. So far, China has stopped short of sending military aid to Russia. Reversing course would be a substantive departure from China’s previous policy of official neutrality
Russian success in Ukraine would align with China’s goals of reshaping global politics and power, and could help facilitate China’s own rise as an economic and military leader. In February 2022, Chinese President Xi Jinping met with Russian President Vladimir Putin at the Winter Olympics in Beijing. They issued a joint document calling for reshaping global politics.
”A new paradigm for a new type of major-country relationship”
The lengthy statement details shared values and a vision for a world without the United States as a major leader, and where China and Russia gain more control and influence. China’s and Russia’s foreign ministers met on March 2, 2023, and China’s government released a statement that reiterated this point, saying that the two countries “have maintained sound and steady development, setting a new paradigm for a new type of major-country relationship.”
Political scientists and human rights scholars do not consider Russia or China to be democracies or politically free. But both countries have lauded their own traditions of democracy and say they stand opposed to a world where the US asserts its version of democracy and human rights as the only option.
In the G-20 summit too at Delhi, the Russian Foreign Minister Sergy Lavrov expressed open support to India and blamed the West for deadlocks in the summit. In a first visit of a Chinese Foreign Minister to India since the Galwan clashes, Qin Gang visited to participate in the G-20 and held an hour long bilateral with S Jaishankar.
The Taiwan factor
Another reason China may want Russia to succeed in Ukraine is that a Russian victory would give China more external support in any plans to overtake Taiwan or other territories. Taiwan is an island off the coast of China that claims independence, but China maintains it is simply a breakaway province that it wants to regain control over in keeping with the One China vision.
If Russia had won the Ukraine war as quickly as it initially planned, this might have paved the way for China to attempt a similar invasion of Taiwan. But there was no quick victory. Yet a prolonged Russia-Ukraine war may present a new kind of opportunity for China in Taiwan by diverting US money, military resources and attention away from the island.
US weapon selling to Taiwan changes the equation
Chinese Foreign Minister Qin Gang argued on March 7, 2023, that because the US sells weapons to Taiwan, this justifies China selling weapons to Russia. Some critics have noted that US aid to Ukraine makes it harder for the US to justify defending Taiwan if China attempts to overtake it.
While China invading Taiwan appears unlikely in the short term – and some experts say such a move would be disastrous for China – both the US and China have a vested interest in the fate of Taiwan and the surrounding regions. The US and China have made recent moves to establish more military presence in the South China Sea region. China has increased its display of military force surrounding Taiwan. The United States recently announced it would deploy troops and military equipment in the Philippines, a strategic military base that is close to Taiwan.
Western pressure
In the past few months, the Biden administration and other Western powers have warned China that it should not get involved in the Ukraine conflict. In March 2023, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz publicly warned China that there would be consequences if it gets involved. Given that China has not yet officially supported Russia, these efforts appear successful.
However, research has shown that countries intervene in conflicts when they think their interests may be affected and when they can make a difference. This could be a factor that pushes China to become more involved in Russia’s battle. (Source- PTI)
– (Rtd. Col Ashish Khanna)
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