Type 5 Diabetes Recognised: New Form Linked To Undernutrition Affects Millions

The International Diabetes Federation has formally recognised Type 5 diabetes, a distinct form of the disease primarily affecting undernourished individuals in low- and middle-income countries.

An estimated 25 million people worldwide live with this condition, which has long been misunderstood and often misdiagnosed.

As a result, patients have frequently received inappropriate treatments designed for other types of diabetes, sometimes leading to dangerous complications such as severe drops in blood sugar levels.

Diabetes is typically classified into several forms, including Type 1, Type 2, gestational diabetes, and Type 3c, each linked to different biological mechanisms.

A separate variant had remained largely unrecognised for decades despite early observations in the mid-20th century.

Renewed scientific efforts, led by researchers including Meredith Hawkins, have identified a unique metabolic profile associated with this condition.

Type 5 diabetes involves a severe deficiency in insulin production rather than autoimmune destruction or insulin resistance.

Studies indicate that prolonged undernutrition, particularly in early life, may impair pancreatic development, limiting the body’s ability to regulate blood sugar later in adulthood.

This distinguishes it from other recognised diabetes types and underscores the need for tailored treatment approaches.

Misdiagnosis has posed serious risks. Standard insulin therapy or weight-loss strategies, commonly used for other forms of diabetes, can prove harmful for these patients.

Experts emphasise the importance of nutritional support, targeted medication, and careful monitoring.

Following a consensus among international experts in 2025, the recognition of Type 5 diabetes marks a significant step towards improved research, diagnosis, and care.

It also highlights the broader impact of undernutrition on long-term health, signalling the need for sustained global attention and medical innovation.

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