Microplastics May Worsen Liver Damage, Researchers Warn

Exposure to microplastics and nanoplastics could contribute to serious liver problems, according to a new review published in Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology.

Researchers said studies on animals show that these tiny plastic particles can trigger oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue scarring, effects similar to those seen in advanced liver disease in humans.

The study’s lead author, Shilpa Chokshi, noted that global cases of liver disease are rising and now account for one in 25 deaths worldwide. She said traditional risk factors such as obesity and alcohol use do not fully explain this increase.

“While established risk factors such as obesity and harmful alcohol use remain central, they do not fully explain the scale or pace of this increase,” she said, adding that environmental exposures like microplastics may be playing a role.

The researchers highlighted that the liver, which filters and processes substances entering the body, could be particularly vulnerable. They warned that microplastics may carry harmful agents such as pathogens, chemical additives, and substances that disrupt hormones.

The review also pointed out that evidence from animal studies shows plastics can accumulate in the liver, raising concerns about similar effects in humans.

Scientists further said there are still gaps in research due to technical and methodological challenges.

Chokshi said growing evidence suggests plastic particles are already present in human tissues and could be linked to multiple health conditions.

“These exposures may not only reach the liver but also interact with existing disease processes and amplify harm,” she explained.

The authors called for more detailed studies to better understand the long-term impact of plastic exposure on human health.

Richard Thompson, a professor at the University of Plymouth, said the findings add to concerns about plastic pollution. He described it as a significant global issue affecting both the environment and human health.