India Achieves Significant Milestones In Malaria Elimination

India has made remarkable strides in its fight against malaria, transforming its public health landscape since independence. In 1947, the country grappled with an estimated 7.5 crore malaria cases and 800,000 deaths annually. By 2023, malaria cases dropped by over 97% to just 20 lakh, with deaths reduced to a mere 83, according to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

The World Malaria Report 2024, released by the World Health Organization (WHO), lauds India’s substantial progress in reducing malaria cases and deaths between 2017 and 2023. The report also acknowledges India’s exit from the WHO’s High Burden to High Impact (HBHI) group, signifying a milestone in the nation’s malaria elimination journey.

India’s achievements reflect the success of its robust public health strategies, aimed at achieving a malaria-free status by 2030.

State-Level Achievements

Progress at the state level underscores the nationwide efforts to reduce malaria burden. Between 2015 and 2023:

• States like Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Meghalaya transitioned from high-burden (Category 3) to medium-burden (Category 2).
• Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Madhya Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, and Dadra and Nagar Haveli significantly reduced cases, moving to Category 1 (low-burden).
• Ladakh, Lakshadweep, and Puducherry reported zero indigenous malaria cases by 2023, qualifying for subnational malaria elimination verification.
• 122 districts across various states achieved zero malaria cases in 2023, demonstrating the impact of targeted interventions.

Key Indicators Of Progress

Malaria cases and deaths witnessed an 80% decline between 2015 and 2023, with cases dropping from 11,69,261 to 2,27,564 and deaths from 384 to 83. Meanwhile, the Annual Blood Examination Rate (ABER) rose from 9.58 in 2015 to 11.62 in 2023, ensuring early detection and timely treatment.

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Multi-Pronged Strategy Drives Success

India’s success is anchored in a comprehensive approach outlined in the National Framework for Malaria Elimination (NFME), launched in 2016. Key strategies include:

• Enhanced surveillance and case management through the “test, treat, track” approach.
• Integrated Health Information Platform (IHIP) for real-time data tracking.
• Vector control measures like Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) distribution.

Strengthening Diagnostics And Community Involvement

The government has established National Reference Laboratories to provide high-quality diagnostic services and developed district-specific action plans to address unique regional challenges, especially in tribal and forested areas.

Community integration through programs like Ayushman Bharat has been pivotal in providing malaria prevention and treatment to vulnerable populations. Community Health Officers and Ayushman Arogya Mandirs ensure access to essential services at the grassroots level.

India has emphasized capacity building and research to sustain its progress. In 2024 alone, over 850 health professionals were trained in malaria control strategies. Studies on insecticide resistance and therapeutic efficacy have provided critical insights to refine interventions.

Collaborative Efforts And Future Goals

Collaborations under the Intensified Malaria Elimination Project-3 (IMEP-3), targeting 159 districts in 12 states, have bolstered efforts. Investments in LLIN distribution, entomological studies, and surveillance systems have enhanced the impact of malaria elimination activities.

India remains steadfast in its commitment to eliminating malaria by 2030, with the intermediate goal of achieving zero indigenous cases by 2027. The nation’s journey highlights the power of comprehensive strategies, community participation, and relentless dedication in overcoming a long-standing public health challenge.